EMA Write PMS API Implementation Guide - Enrichments
1.2.1 - ci-build

EMA Write PMS API Implementation Guide - Enrichments - Local Development build (v1.2.1) built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) Build Tools. See the Directory of published versions

Data Type Profile: EmaRatio - Detailed Descriptions

Draft as of 2026-06-26

Definitions for the emaRatio data type profile.

Guidance on how to interpret the contents of this table can be foundhere

0. Ratio
Definition

A relationship of two Quantity values - expressed as a numerator and a denominator.

ShortA ratio of two Quantity values - a numerator and a denominator
Comments

The Ratio datatype should only be used to express a relationship of two numbers if the relationship cannot be suitably expressed using a Quantity and a common unit. Where the denominator value is known to be fixed to "1", Quantity should be used instead of Ratio.

Control0..*
Is Modifierfalse
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
rat-1: Numerator and denominator SHALL both be present, or both are absent. If both are absent, there SHALL be some extension present ((numerator.exists() and denominator.exists()) or (numerator.empty() and denominator.empty() and extension.exists()))
2. Ratio.numerator
Definition

The value of the numerator.

ShortNumerator value
Control10..1
This element is affected by the following invariants: rat-1
BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from For codes, see Unit of Measurement
(required to http://ema.europa.eu/fhir/vs/unitsOfMeasurementVs)
TypeQuantity
Is Modifierfalse
Summarytrue
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
4. Ratio.numerator.extension
Definition

The Comparator Extension


May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and managable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

ShortThe Comparator Extension
Comments

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

Control1..1
TypeExtension(The Comparator Extension) (Extension Type: Choice of: base64Binary, boolean, canonical, code, date, dateTime, decimal, id, instant, integer, integer64, markdown, oid, positiveInt, string, time, unsignedInt, uri, url, uuid, Address, Age, Annotation, Attachment, CodeableConcept, CodeableReference, Coding, ContactPoint, Count, Distance, Duration, HumanName, Identifier, Money, Period, Quantity, Range, Ratio, RatioRange, Reference, SampledData, Signature, Timing, ContactDetail, DataRequirement, Expression, ParameterDefinition, RelatedArtifact, TriggerDefinition, UsageContext, Availability, ExtendedContactDetail, Dosage, Meta)
Is Modifierfalse
Summaryfalse
Alternate Namesextensions, user content
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
6. Ratio.numerator.value
Definition

The value of the measured amount. The value includes an implicit precision in the presentation of the value.

ShortNumerical value (with implicit precision)
Comments

The implicit precision in the value should always be honored. Monetary values have their own rules for handling precision (refer to standard accounting text books).

Control10..1
Typedecimal
Is Modifierfalse
Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summarytrue
Requirements

Precision is handled implicitly in almost all cases of measurement.

Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
8. Ratio.numerator.comparator
Definition

How the value should be understood and represented - whether the actual value is greater or less than the stated value due to measurement issues; e.g. if the comparator is "<" , then the real value is < stated value.

Short< | <= | >= | > | ad - how to understand the value
Control10..1
BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from QuantityComparatorhttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/quantity-comparator|5.0.0
(required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/quantity-comparator|5.0.0)

How the Quantity should be understood and represented.

Typecode
Is Modifiertrue because This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because the comparator modifies the interpretation of the value significantly. If there is no comparator, then there is no modification of the value
Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summarytrue
Requirements

Need a framework for handling measures where the value is <5ug/L or >400mg/L due to the limitations of measuring methodology.

Meaning if MissingIf there is no comparator, then there is no modification of the value
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
10. Ratio.numerator.unit
Definition

A human-readable form of the unit.

ShortUnit representation
Control10..1
Typestring
Is Modifierfalse
Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summarytrue
Requirements

There are many representations for units of measure and in many contexts, particular representations are fixed and required. I.e. mcg for micrograms.

Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
12. Ratio.denominator
Definition

The value of the denominator.

ShortDenominator value
Control10..1
This element is affected by the following invariants: rat-1
BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from For codes, see Units of Presentation
(required to http://ema.europa.eu/fhir/vs/unitsOfPresentation)
TypeQuantity(SimpleQuantity)
Is Modifierfalse
Summarytrue
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
14. Ratio.denominator.value
Definition

The value of the measured amount. The value includes an implicit precision in the presentation of the value.

ShortNumerical value (with implicit precision)
Comments

The implicit precision in the value should always be honored. Monetary values have their own rules for handling precision (refer to standard accounting text books).

Control10..1
Typedecimal
Is Modifierfalse
Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summarytrue
Requirements

Precision is handled implicitly in almost all cases of measurement.

Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
16. Ratio.denominator.comparator
Definition

Not allowed to be used in this context


How the value should be understood and represented - whether the actual value is greater or less than the stated value due to measurement issues; e.g. if the comparator is "<" , then the real value is < stated value.

Short< | <= | >= | > | ad - how to understand the value
Control0..01
BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from QuantityComparatorhttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/quantity-comparator|5.0.0
(required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/quantity-comparator|5.0.0)

How the Quantity should be understood and represented.

Typecode
Is Modifiertrue because This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because the comparator modifies the interpretation of the value significantly. If there is no comparator, then there is no modification of the value
Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summarytrue
Requirements

Need a framework for handling measures where the value is <5ug/L or >400mg/L due to the limitations of measuring methodology.

Meaning if MissingIf there is no comparator, then there is no modification of the value
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
18. Ratio.denominator.unit
Definition

A human-readable form of the unit.

ShortUnit representation
Control10..1
Typestring
Is Modifierfalse
Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summarytrue
Requirements

There are many representations for units of measure and in many contexts, particular representations are fixed and required. I.e. mcg for micrograms.

Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))

Guidance on how to interpret the contents of this table can be foundhere

0. Ratio
2. Ratio.numerator
Control1..?
BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from Unit of Measurement
(required to http://ema.europa.eu/fhir/vs/unitsOfMeasurementVs)
4. Ratio.numerator.extension
Control1..1
TypeExtension(The Comparator Extension) (Extension Type: Choice of: base64Binary, boolean, canonical, code, date, dateTime, decimal, id, instant, integer, integer64, markdown, oid, positiveInt, string, time, unsignedInt, uri, url, uuid, Address, Age, Annotation, Attachment, CodeableConcept, CodeableReference, Coding, ContactPoint, Count, Distance, Duration, HumanName, Identifier, Money, Period, Quantity, Range, Ratio, RatioRange, Reference, SampledData, Signature, Timing, ContactDetail, DataRequirement, Expression, ParameterDefinition, RelatedArtifact, TriggerDefinition, UsageContext, Availability, ExtendedContactDetail, Dosage, Meta)
6. Ratio.numerator.value
Control1..?
8. Ratio.numerator.comparator
Control1..?
10. Ratio.numerator.unit
Control1..?
12. Ratio.denominator
Control1..?
BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from Units of Presentation
(required to http://ema.europa.eu/fhir/vs/unitsOfPresentation)
14. Ratio.denominator.value
Control1..?
16. Ratio.denominator.unit
Control1..?

Guidance on how to interpret the contents of this table can be foundhere

0. Ratio
Definition

A relationship of two Quantity values - expressed as a numerator and a denominator.

ShortA ratio of two Quantity values - a numerator and a denominator
Comments

The Ratio datatype should only be used to express a relationship of two numbers if the relationship cannot be suitably expressed using a Quantity and a common unit. Where the denominator value is known to be fixed to "1", Quantity should be used instead of Ratio.

Control0..*
Is Modifierfalse
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
rat-1: Numerator and denominator SHALL both be present, or both are absent. If both are absent, there SHALL be some extension present ((numerator.exists() and denominator.exists()) or (numerator.empty() and denominator.empty() and extension.exists()))
2. Ratio.id
Definition

Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
Control0..1
This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
Typeid
Is Modifierfalse
XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
Summaryfalse
4. Ratio.extension
Definition

May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and managable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
Comments

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

Control0..*
TypeExtension
Is Modifierfalse
Summaryfalse
Alternate Namesextensions, user content
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Ratio.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
  • value @ url
  • 6. Ratio.numerator
    Definition

    The value of the numerator.

    ShortNumerator value
    Control1..1
    This element is affected by the following invariants: rat-1
    BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from Unit of Measurement
    (required to http://ema.europa.eu/fhir/vs/unitsOfMeasurementVs)
    TypeQuantity
    Is Modifierfalse
    Summarytrue
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    8. Ratio.numerator.id
    Definition

    Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

    ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
    Control0..1
    This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
    Typeid
    Is Modifierfalse
    XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
    Summaryfalse
    10. Ratio.numerator.extension
    Definition

    The Comparator Extension

    ShortThe Comparator Extension
    Control1..1
    TypeExtension(The Comparator Extension) (Extension Type: Choice of: base64Binary, boolean, canonical, code, date, dateTime, decimal, id, instant, integer, integer64, markdown, oid, positiveInt, string, time, unsignedInt, uri, url, uuid, Address, Age, Annotation, Attachment, CodeableConcept, CodeableReference, Coding, ContactPoint, Count, Distance, Duration, HumanName, Identifier, Money, Period, Quantity, Range, Ratio, RatioRange, Reference, SampledData, Signature, Timing, ContactDetail, DataRequirement, Expression, ParameterDefinition, RelatedArtifact, TriggerDefinition, UsageContext, Availability, ExtendedContactDetail, Dosage, Meta)
    Is Modifierfalse
    Summaryfalse
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    12. Ratio.numerator.value
    Definition

    The value of the measured amount. The value includes an implicit precision in the presentation of the value.

    ShortNumerical value (with implicit precision)
    Comments

    The implicit precision in the value should always be honored. Monetary values have their own rules for handling precision (refer to standard accounting text books).

    Control1..1
    Typedecimal
    Is Modifierfalse
    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
    Summarytrue
    Requirements

    Precision is handled implicitly in almost all cases of measurement.

    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    14. Ratio.numerator.comparator
    Definition

    How the value should be understood and represented - whether the actual value is greater or less than the stated value due to measurement issues; e.g. if the comparator is "<" , then the real value is < stated value.

    Short< | <= | >= | > | ad - how to understand the value
    Control1..1
    BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from QuantityComparator
    (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/quantity-comparator|5.0.0)

    How the Quantity should be understood and represented.

    Typecode
    Is Modifiertrue because This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because the comparator modifies the interpretation of the value significantly. If there is no comparator, then there is no modification of the value
    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
    Summarytrue
    Requirements

    Need a framework for handling measures where the value is <5ug/L or >400mg/L due to the limitations of measuring methodology.

    Meaning if MissingIf there is no comparator, then there is no modification of the value
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    16. Ratio.numerator.unit
    Definition

    A human-readable form of the unit.

    ShortUnit representation
    Control1..1
    Typestring
    Is Modifierfalse
    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
    Summarytrue
    Requirements

    There are many representations for units of measure and in many contexts, particular representations are fixed and required. I.e. mcg for micrograms.

    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    18. Ratio.numerator.system
    Definition

    The identification of the system that provides the coded form of the unit.

    ShortSystem that defines coded unit form
    Control0..1
    This element is affected by the following invariants: qty-3
    Typeuri
    Is Modifierfalse
    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
    Summarytrue
    Requirements

    Need to know the system that defines the coded form of the unit.

    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    20. Ratio.numerator.code
    Definition

    A computer processable form of the unit in some unit representation system.

    ShortCoded form of the unit
    Comments

    The preferred system is UCUM, but SNOMED CT can also be used (for customary units) or ISO 4217 for currency. The context of use may additionally require a code from a particular system.

    Control0..1
    This element is affected by the following invariants: qty-3
    Typecode
    Is Modifierfalse
    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
    Summarytrue
    Requirements

    Need a computable form of the unit that is fixed across all forms. UCUM provides this for quantities, but SNOMED CT provides many units of interest.

    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    22. Ratio.denominator
    Definition

    The value of the denominator.

    ShortDenominator value
    Control1..1
    This element is affected by the following invariants: rat-1
    BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from Units of Presentation
    (required to http://ema.europa.eu/fhir/vs/unitsOfPresentation)
    TypeQuantity(SimpleQuantity)
    Is Modifierfalse
    Summarytrue
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    24. Ratio.denominator.id
    Definition

    Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

    ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
    Control0..1
    This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
    Typeid
    Is Modifierfalse
    XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
    Summaryfalse
    26. Ratio.denominator.extension
    Definition

    May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and managable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

    ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
    Comments

    There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

    Control0..*
    TypeExtension
    Is Modifierfalse
    Summaryfalse
    Alternate Namesextensions, user content
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Ratio.denominator.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
    • value @ url
    • 28. Ratio.denominator.value
      Definition

      The value of the measured amount. The value includes an implicit precision in the presentation of the value.

      ShortNumerical value (with implicit precision)
      Comments

      The implicit precision in the value should always be honored. Monetary values have their own rules for handling precision (refer to standard accounting text books).

      Control1..1
      Typedecimal
      Is Modifierfalse
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      Precision is handled implicitly in almost all cases of measurement.

      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      30. Ratio.denominator.comparator
      Definition

      Not allowed to be used in this context

      Short< | <= | >= | > | ad - how to understand the value
      Control0..0
      BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from QuantityComparator
      (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/quantity-comparator|5.0.0)

      How the Quantity should be understood and represented.

      Typecode
      Is Modifiertrue because This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because the comparator modifies the interpretation of the value significantly. If there is no comparator, then there is no modification of the value
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      Need a framework for handling measures where the value is <5ug/L or >400mg/L due to the limitations of measuring methodology.

      Meaning if MissingIf there is no comparator, then there is no modification of the value
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      32. Ratio.denominator.unit
      Definition

      A human-readable form of the unit.

      ShortUnit representation
      Control1..1
      Typestring
      Is Modifierfalse
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      There are many representations for units of measure and in many contexts, particular representations are fixed and required. I.e. mcg for micrograms.

      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      34. Ratio.denominator.system
      Definition

      The identification of the system that provides the coded form of the unit.

      ShortSystem that defines coded unit form
      Control0..1
      This element is affected by the following invariants: qty-3
      Typeuri
      Is Modifierfalse
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      Need to know the system that defines the coded form of the unit.

      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      36. Ratio.denominator.code
      Definition

      A computer processable form of the unit in some unit representation system.

      ShortCoded form of the unit
      Comments

      The preferred system is UCUM, but SNOMED CT can also be used (for customary units) or ISO 4217 for currency. The context of use may additionally require a code from a particular system.

      Control0..1
      This element is affected by the following invariants: qty-3
      Typecode
      Is Modifierfalse
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      Need a computable form of the unit that is fixed across all forms. UCUM provides this for quantities, but SNOMED CT provides many units of interest.

      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))